In 2025, Kazakhstan’s foreign trade turnover, according to preliminary data, reached $143.9 billion—$1.8 billion more than in 2024. Compared to 2020, trade turnover increased by two-thirds, according to finprom.kz.
Exports in 2025 amounted to $79 billion—slightly below the 2024 level and the 2022 peak. Imports, on the contrary, continued to grow: from $38.9 billion in 2020 to $64.8 billion in 2025. As a result, the trade surplus remains, but is gradually decreasing.
China ($34.1 billion, 23.7%) and Russia ($27.4 billion, 19%) accounted for almost 43% of Kazakhstan’s total foreign trade, while their combined share in Kazakhstan’s imports reached 58.9%.
Kazakhstan’s export geography was distinctly European, driven by oil. Italy was the largest trading partner, accounting for $15.6 billion or almost 20% of all exports from Kazakhstan. Significant Kazakh export volumes also went to the Netherlands, France, Romania, and Greece.
Among export commodities, crude oil and petroleum products remained the clear leaders, accounting for $39.9 billion or 50.5% of all Kazakh exports. Kazakhstan’s oil is exported primarily to Europe. In 2025, Italy was the largest buyer ($15.2 billion), followed by the Netherlands ($5.6 billion), France ($3 billion), Romania ($2.6 billion), and Greece ($2.3 billion). Asia was represented primarily by China ($2 billion) and Turkey ($1.5 billion).
Radioactive elements and isotopes (uranium) came in second at $5.1 billion or 6.5% of all Kazakh exports. The main buyers were China ($2.2 billion) and Russia ($1.6 billion).
Refined copper and copper alloys accounted for $4.1 billion or 5.2% of all exports. The main sales markets were China ($2 billion) and Turkey ($1.7 billion). Ferroalloys accounted for $2.1 billion. Wheat and meslin rounded out the top five export items, with $1.6 billion.
